Thesis
Understanding the mechanics of golf ball impact : the characterisation of the materials used in golf ball construction for use in finite element analysis
- Creator
- Awarding institution
- University of Strathclyde
- Date of award
- 2011
- Thesis identifier
- T13114
- Qualification Level
- Qualification Name
- Department, School or Faculty
- Abstract
- As golf equipment evolves, science and engineering become more important in the understanding of relationship between the technology and materials involved. The complex nature of the interaction between the golf ball and club, and in particular how material characteristics affect the mechanisms of the impact are not yet fully understood. The overall aim of the present work is to develop suitable material tests and use the acquired data to produce a fully validated finite element (FE) model that is capable of predicting hysteresis during cyclic loading as well as coefficient of restitution (COR) on high speed impacts. A detailed experimental study has been carried out in order to establish accurate and reliable material properties. The golf ball used in this study consists of two layers with varying material properties and can be regarded as multi-material system. Test samples were produced from the golf ball cover and core. Due to geometric constraints the core samples have only been tested in compression and the cover samples in tension. The core was sectioned into samples of various geometries, each tested in compression. It has been reported in previous studies that the golf ball is highly heterogeneous and the material tests have addressed this to create an FE model that represents the material heterogeneity. Linear viscoelastic models have been presented in the literature to describe the materials used in golf ball construction with varying success; however the presented work shows the material to be non-linear viscoelastic and therefore requires different models to describe its behaviour. The non-linear, viscoelastic Bergstrom-Boyce (BB) model was initially selected as it is capable of predicting the large strain, loading-unloading behavior, including hysteresis, present in polymeric materials. Various mathematical models, which are used to describe the behaviour of the spring and dashpot elements within the material models have been investigated. The material parameters used to describe each optimized model have been used in the finite element package ABAQUS, as a user defined material, to predict the stress-strain response upon cyclic loading. The present experimental work points the way towards new methods of obtaining accurate, reliable material data at higher strain rates. This approach will allow a more physically representative model of the impact between the club and ball using finite element analysis techniques.
- Resource Type
- Note
- Strathclyde theses - ask staff. Thesis no. : T13114
- DOI
- Date Created
- 2011
- Former identifier
- 946497
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PDF of thesis T13114 | 2021-07-02 | 公开 | 下载 |