In vitro antibacterial study on a flavonoid library and in vivo study on two flavanones with a strong anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity in vitro

This thesis describes the in vitro antibacterial activity of a flavonoid library. This work also focused on the in vivo antibacterial activity of Bavachinin and propolin D. A total of 5 flavonoids, 3',5,5-trihydroxy-3,4'-dimethoxyflavone, kaempferol, bavachinin, propolin D and gossypol, showed strong anti-MRSA activity in vitro (MIC < 50 μg/mL). When screened for activity bavachinin and propolin D showed the strongest anti-MRSA activity (MIC of 15.625 μg/mL). This is the first report of the anti-MRSA activity of propolin D using a microdilution assay. The in vivo research focused on bavachinin and propolin D using the Moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) in vivo model. DMSO, in which bavachinin and propolin D are dissolved, was found to be toxic towards the larvae. Bavachinin could only be used in lower concentrations for treatment of MRSA infected larvae, to avoid larvae death due to DMSO, but was also found to be toxic. Propolin D gave protection to the larvae against MRSA. Larvae treated with 75 mg/Kg propolin D had an increased survival rate over untreated larvae. DMSO was also a factor for larvae death treated with propolin D. However it is estimated that treatment of MRSA infected larvae with 75 mg/Kg propolin D, without the effects of DMSO, produced a larvae survival rate of 60%. The survival rate of untreated larvae was 10%. This is the first time that bavachinin and propolin D have been used on the Wax Moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) in vivo model.

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