Thesis
Exploring and advancing community pharmacy services for patients with noncommunicable diseases in Saudi Arabia : a scoping review of current practices and multi-stakeholder consensus to develop a cardiovascular disease risk screening service
- Creator
- Rights statement
- Awarding institution
- University of Strathclyde
- Date of award
- 2026
- Thesis identifier
- T18131
- Person Identifier (Local)
- 202371438
- Qualification Level
- Qualification Name
- Department, School or Faculty
- Abstract
- Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), remain a major challenge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). As community pharmacy practice in KSA shifts towards extended care, opportunities arise to enhance community pharmacists' involvement in NCD care. This thesis aimed to develop a community pharmacy service for NCDs/CVD prevention in KSA, aligning with the national health strategy to tackle NCDs. Methods: A scoping review examined current community pharmacy services across Gulf countries to identify areas for improvement. Accordingly, a community pharmacybased CVD risk screening service was developed, following the UK Medical Research Council framework, combining a literature review with two multistakeholder consensus methods. These included a modified Nominal Group Technique (m-NGT) with national experts to co-design the initial service model, and a modified e-Delphi with a larger group of experts to achieve consensus on the final service model and specifications, and to evaluate perceptions. A 70% threshold defined consensus. Results: The scoping review of 116 studies highlighted the potential of the community pharmacy-based CVD risk screening service, with positive perceptions in KSA and promising pilot outcomes in the United Arab Emirates, informing its development. Six experts in the m-NGT reached (100%) consensus on the initial service model and recommended facilitators for implementation. In the e-Delphi, 50 stakeholders completed three rounds and reached consensus (≥70%) on all service components. The service model focuses on higher-risk populations (≥40 years with comorbidities or other risk factors) and includes comprehensive screening and interventions (all assessments required for risk scoring, followed by education, referrals, and therapy management with follow-ups, based on risk). This model was positively perceived. Consensus was also reached on three recruitment approaches, two screening tools, one referral mechanism, two funding methods, and nine implementation strategies. Conclusion: This thesis introduces a context-specific CVD risk screening model that could reduce the national CVD burden.
- Advisor / supervisor
- Weir, Natalie
- Kurdi, Amanj
- Resource Type
- DOI
- Funder
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PDF of thesis T18131 | 2026-09-09 | Public | Download |