Thesis
Exploring and advancing community pharmacy services for patients with noncommunicable diseases in Saudi Arabia : a scoping review of current practices and multi-stakeholder consensus to develop a cardiovascular disease risk screening service
- Creator
- Rights statement
- Awarding institution
- University of Strathclyde
- Date of award
- 2026
- Thesis identifier
- T18131
- Person Identifier (Local)
- 202371438
- Qualification Level
- Qualification Name
- Department, School or Faculty
- Abstract
- Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovasculardiseases (CVDs), remain a major challenge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).As community pharmacy practice in KSA shifts towards extended care, opportunitiesarise to enhance community pharmacists' involvement in NCD care. This thesis aimedto develop a community pharmacy service for NCDs/CVD prevention in KSA, aligningwith the national health strategy to tackle NCDs.Methods: A scoping review examined current community pharmacy services acrossGulf countries to identify areas for improvement. Accordingly, a community pharmacybased CVD risk screening service was developed, following the UK Medical ResearchCouncil framework, combining a literature review with two multistakeholderconsensus methods. These included a modified Nominal Group Technique (m-NGT)with national experts to co-design the initial service model, and a modified e-Delphiwith a larger group of experts to achieve consensus on the final service model andspecifications, and to evaluate perceptions. A 70% threshold defined consensus.Results: The scoping review of 116 studies highlighted the potential of the communitypharmacy-based CVD risk screening service, with positive perceptions in KSA andpromising pilot outcomes in the United Arab Emirates, informing its development. Sixexperts in the m-NGT reached (100%) consensus on the initial service model andrecommended facilitators for implementation. In the e-Delphi, 50 stakeholderscompleted three rounds and reached consensus (?70%) on all service components.The service model focuses on higher-risk populations (?40 years with comorbiditiesor other risk factors) and includes comprehensive screening and interventions (allassessments required for risk scoring, followed by education, referrals, and therapymanagement with follow-ups, based on risk). This model was positively perceived.Consensus was also reached on three recruitment approaches, two screening tools,one referral mechanism, two funding methods, and nine implementation strategies.Conclusion: This thesis introduces a context-specific CVD risk screening model thatcould reduce the national CVD burden.
- Advisor / supervisor
- Weir, Natalie
- Kurdi, Amanj
- Resource Type
- DOI
- Funder
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PDF of thesis T18131 | 2026-09-09 | Public | Download |